南海沉积物漫反射光谱反映的220ka以来东亚夏季风变迁   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘连文  郑洪波  翦知湣 《地球科学》2005,30(5):543-549

对南海越南岸外“太阳号”95航次17954孔220ka以来的沉积样品进行了漫反射光谱分析, 并从中提取F1和F2两个主因子及亮度和红度等漫反射光谱特征值, 发现漫反射光谱F1值和亮度反映了沉积物中的碳酸盐含量, 而漫反射光谱F2值和红度反映了沉积物中的铁氧化物含量, 后者可用作东亚夏季风的替代性指标.17954孔沉积物的漫反射光谱F2值显示, 倒数第二次冰消期东亚夏季风快速增长时间约在129ka; 本次工作还发现东亚夏季风在两次冰消期前的氧同位素2阶段和6阶段晚期各有一个异常强盛的时期.漫反射分析结果显示东亚夏季风主要受控于太阳辐射强度变化, 并明显地受低纬地区气候的影响.   相似文献   

镜质体反射率测定结果的影响因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵俊峰  刘池洋  王晓梅 《煤田地质与勘探》2004,32(6):15-18

简要回顾了镜质体反射率测定的发展过程,概括了镜质体反射率在石油地质中的应用及存在的问题,重点探讨影响镜质体反射率测定的因素。这些因素既有地质的,也有人为的,包括:镜质体本身的局限,烃源岩有机质类型、岩性,样品采集与处理过程以及测定环节4个方面。镜质体反射率测定结果正是这些因素相互作用的体现。针对上述影响因素,提出几点建议,供有关研究人员参考。   相似文献   

星载高光谱Hyperion数据在海滩涂调查应用中的分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

唐伯惠姜小光  唐伶俐习晓环 戴昌达 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(2):81-87

以江苏苏北地区为研究区,较系统地分析了目前世界上星载传感器中光谱分辨率最高的EO-1卫星Hyperion数据的基本特点和处理方法,研究了将图像的灰度值转变为辐射能量值和反射率的方法和步骤,并选取了15类典型地物,进行了样本采集、辐射亮度和反射率反演,最后对典型地物的光谱曲线进行综合分析研究,并概括了苏北沿海滩涂典型地物的基本光谱特征。  相似文献   

用TM影像和DEM获取黑河流域地表反射率和反照率   总被引：28，自引：13，他引：15  

刘三超  张万昌  蒋建军  赵登忠 《地理科学》2003,23(5):585-591

传统的大气校正方法原理比较复杂,而且有些参数特别是实时的大气剖面资料难以获取。本文利用DEM对TM 影像进行地形校正后,用简便而又实用的方法对TM影像进行了大气校正,较精确地反演出黑河流域河西走廊中段对应于Landsat TM 1~5 和7波段的地表反射率。在此基础上,通过不同波段地表反射率的组合,获得了地表反照率。通过与实地观测数据对比分析,表明对于植被覆盖区用TM 2,4,7波段组合结果较好,而在非植被覆盖区用TM 1~5,7这6 个波段组合结果更佳。  相似文献   

Thermal history of the Rio Muni (West Africa)–NE Brazil margins during continental breakup     

Jonathan P. Turner  Paul F. Green  Simon P. Holford  Stephen R. Lawrence 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,270(3-4):354-367

We document the thermal record of breakup of the conjugate Rio Muni (West Africa) and NE Brazil margins using apatite fission track analysis, vitrinite reflectance data and stratigraphic observations from both margins. These results permit determination of the timing of four cooling episodes, and the temperature of samples at the onset of each episode. All samples are interpreted to have experienced higher temperatures in the geological past due to i) elevated basal heatflow (palaeogeothermal gradient in Rio Muni-1 well decaying from 58 °C/km during the Mid Cretaceous to 21.5 °C/km in the Late Cenozoic) and ii) progressive exhumation from formerly greater burial depth. A well constrained history of changing palaeogeothermal gradient allows for much more precise quantification of the thickness of eroded section (exhumation) than if a constant heatflow is assumed. Cooling episodes identified from the palaeotemperature data at 110–95 Ma (both margins) and 85–70 Ma (Rio Muni only) coincide with major unconformities signifying, respectively, the cessation of rifting (breakup) and compressional shortening that affected the African continent following the establishment of post-rift sedimentation (drift). The interval between these separate unconformities is occupied by allochthonous rafts of shallow-water carbonates recording gravitational collapse of a marginal platform. The rift shoulder uplift that triggered this collapse was enhanced by local transpression associated with the obliquely divergent Ascension Fracture Zone, and thermal doming due to the coeval St Helena and Ascension Plumes. The data also reveal a c.45–35 Ma cooling episode, attributed to deep sea erosion at the onset of Eo-Oligocene ice growth, and a c.15–10 Ma episode interpreted as the record of Miocene exhumation of the West African continental margin related to continent-wide plume development. Integration of thermal history methods with traditional seismic- and stratigraphy-based observations yields a dynamic picture of kilometre-scale fluctuations in base level through the breakup and early drift phases of development of these margins. Major unconformities at ocean margins are likely to represent composite surfaces recording not only eustasy, but also regional plate margin-generated deformation, local ‘intra-basinal’ reorganization, and the amplifying effect of negative feedbacks between these processes.  相似文献   

Optical properties of the red tide in Isahaya Bay,southwestern Japan: Influence of chlorophyll a concentration     

Hiroaki Sasaki  Akihiko Tanaka  Mitsunori Iwataki  Yasuharu Touke  Eko Siswanto  Chun Knee Tan  Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):511-523

Remote sensing reflectance [R _rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of red tides were measured in Isahaya Bay, southwestern Japan, to investigate differences in the optical properties of red tide and non-red tide waters. We defined colored areas of the sea surface, visualized from shipboard, as “red tides”. Peaks of the R _rs(λ) spectra of non-red tide waters were at 565 nm, while those of red tides shifted to longer wavelengths (589 nm). The spectral shape of R _rs(λ) was close to that of the reciprocal of the total absorption coefficient [1/a(λ)], implying that the R _rs(λ) peak is determined by absorption. Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton [a _ph(λ)], non-pigment particles and colored dissolved organic matter increased with increasing chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and those coefficients were correlated with Chl a for both red tide and non-red tide waters. Using these relationships between absorption coefficients and Chl a, variation in the spectrum of 1/a(λ) as a function of Chl a was calculated. The peak of 1/a(λ) shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Chl a. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a _ph(λ) to the total absorption in red tide water was significantly higher than in non-red tide water in the wavelength range 550–600 nm, including the peak. Our results show that the variation of a _ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R _rs(λ) peak, and utilization of R _rs(λ) peaks at 589 and 565 nm may be useful to discriminate between red tide and non-red tide waters by remote sensing.  相似文献   

兴凯湖沉积物磁化率和色度反映的28kaBP以来区域古气候环境演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴健  沈吉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(3)

对兴凯湖长269 cm的沉积岩心的研究结果显示:沉积物的色度和磁化率特征可以较好地反映区域气候环境变化。沉积物明度分别与红度、磁化率、黏土和有机质含量之间及磁化率与黏土之间有很好的相关性;红度高值与明度低值对应暖湿气候环境,磁化率低值反映沉积物较粗的较低湖面,对应冷干气候。28480~26160 cal.aBP,湖区处于温湿气候时期;22880~18170 cal.aBP,岩心孢粉浓度很低,流域处于末次盛冰期疏桦林草原环境;18170~12650 cal.aBP处于Bφlling/Older Dryas/Allerφd暖期。岩心深度90~78 cm段,对应于新仙女木期;11500~4570 cal.aBP,进入全新世暖期,其中8000~5000 cal.aBP,本区处于全新世大暖期(气候适宜期);4570~1470 cal.aBP气候变为凉干;1470 cal.aBP以来,流域又变为暖湿气候环境,同时,人类活动逐渐增强造成水土流失加剧。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地石炭系烃源岩成熟演化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

常健  邱楠生  刘一锋  李慧莉  阙永泉 《地质科学》2014,(3):823-841

尽管塔里木盆地石炭系富含有机质且已发现其生成的原油,但关于石炭系烃源岩热演化研究却很薄弱。根据基础地质资料、古地温梯度和实测镜质体反射率数据,本文定量模拟了塔里木盆地6口典型井的石炭系烃源岩热演化史和这套烃源岩底界、顶界在二叠纪末期、三叠纪末期、白垩纪末期及现今成熟度的平面分布规律。塔北隆起南部、塔西南坳陷和阿瓦提凹陷在石炭-二叠纪作为沉降中心接受了巨厚的沉积物,造成这些地区石炭系烃源岩底界成熟度在二叠纪末期达到0.9%～1.3%（中-高成熟）,顶界为0.5%～0.9%（低-中成熟）,成为有利生油区。中生代时期,塔里木盆地中、东部长期处于沉降状态,石炭系烃源岩处于成熟演化阶段。白垩纪末期,塔中低凸起和满加尔凹陷的石炭系底界成熟度为0.7%～0.9%（中成熟）,顶界为0.5%～0.7%（低成熟）,而塘古孜巴斯坳陷底界成熟度为0.9%～1.1%（中-高成熟）,顶界为0.7%～0.9%（中成熟）。受羌塘地体、拉萨地体、印度板块分别与欧亚板块南缘碰撞远程效应的影响,塔西南坳陷和巴楚隆起在中生代一直处于隆升剥蚀状态,烃源岩热演化进入停滞状态。新生代以来,塔西南坳陷和阿瓦提凹陷演化为前陆盆地,再次接受了巨厚沉积物,致使石炭系烃源岩快速成熟演化,底-顶界成熟度现今已超过2.0%,进入干气阶段。满加尔凹陷石炭系烃源岩自石炭纪至今一直处于成熟演化阶段,现今达到最大,为0.8%～1.0%。另外,热史研究表明塔西南坳陷和阿瓦提凹陷石炭系烃源岩具有二次生烃潜力。本研究不仅丰富了塔里木盆地石炭系烃源岩热史研究成果,而且对油气勘探与开发具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Landsat5图像的增益、偏置取值及其对行星反射率计算分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

韦玉春  黄家柱 《地球信息科学学报》2006,8(1):110-113,126

在对比不同时相的数据或建立遥感反演模型时,往往需要将图像的灰度值转换为反射率。增益和偏置是计算反射率时使用的两个基本参数。如果这两个参数发生偏差,反射率的计算结果就有问题,大气校正和其他相关工作的结果也是不可靠的。根据USGS文档和1995年以来的Landsat5遥感图像,对图像头文件中的增益和偏置参数的取值进行了分析,并按照标准单位将增益和偏置进行了转换。为了分析不同增益和偏置取值对反射率计算结果的影响,对比计算了植被和水体的行星反射率值。对2004年7月26日的太湖地区的TM图像。取值分为4种方案: (1)使用遥感软件ENV14．0计算;(2)使用图像头文件中的参数;(3)使用USGS提供的同期参数;(4)使用USGS提供的2003年前的参数。结果表明,不同增益和偏置取值导致计算结果变化较大。如果以方案3的USGS参数计算的结果为标准,那么,其他方案的相对误差值可从0．2％到20％以上。从各个波段的误差分布看,以第3波段的相对误差最小。从工作成果的可比性角度出发,建议统一使用USGS的增益和偏置参数计算Landsat5图像的反射率。  相似文献   

A method for spaceborne synthetic remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol optical depth and vegetation reflectance     

Qiu Jinhuan 《大气科学进展》1998,15(1):17-30

ＡＭｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒＳｐａｃｅｂｏｒｎｅＳｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃＲｅｍｏｔｅＳｅｎｓｉｎｇｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＡｅｒｏｓｏｌＯｐｔｉｃａｌＤｅｐｔｈａｎｄＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎＲｅｆｌｅｃｔａｎｃｅ①ＱｉｕＪｉｎｈｕａｎ（邱金桓）Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ...  相似文献